ICS – Control Components
The following is a list of the major control components of an ICS:
- Control Server. The control server hosts the DCS or PLC supervisory control software that is designed to communicate with lower-level control devices. The control server accesses subordinate control modules over an ICS network.
- SCADA Server or Master Terminal Unit (MTU). The SCADA Server is the device that acts as the master in a SCADA system. Remote terminal units and [..]
ICS Operation
The basic operation of an ICS is shown in the figure below. Key components include the following:
- Control Loop. A control loop consists of sensors for measurement, controller hardware such as PLCs, actuators such as control valves, breakers, switches and motors, and the communication of variables. Controlled variables are transmitted to the controller from the sensors. The controller interprets the signals and generates corresponding manipulated variables, based on set points, which [..]
Industrial Control Systems
Industrial control system (ICS) is a general term that encompasses several types of control systems, including supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other control system configurations such as skid-mounted Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) often found in the industrial sectors and critical infrastructures.
ICS are typically used in industries such as electrical, water and wastewater, oil and natural gas, chemical, transportation, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food [..]
Torque Screwdriver
What does torque mean for an electric screwdriver ?
Basically the more torque you have under heavy load the more effective so when you start screwing into a tight grained piece of wood screw up the dial and back off on soft materials.
What’s the purpose of torque screwdriver ?
It allows you to tighten a screw to a specified torque. Too loose and it won’t hold well enough, and too tight [..]
Lug Nut Torque
How to maintain proper lug nut torque ?
- Check torque before every trip
- Use proper tools (Figures C and D)
- Follow the appropriate star pattern sequence
- Torque lug nuts in the correct stages and follow-up intervals after any wheel reinstallation
Remember, torque is the amount of rotating force applied to a fastener, such as a lug nut. Proper torque of lug nuts can only be achieved by using a torque wrench and a [..]
Torque wrench for spark plugs ?
Is a torque wrench necessary for replacing spark plugs ?
A mechanic can put alot together without a torque wrench, it comes with experience. Mechanics sees plenty of screwed up spark plugs and threads by amateurs, and if you don’t have more than five years experience, I suggest to use the torque wrench and do the job.
The plug needs to be tightened to the correct specification. If [..]
Tips for Using, Maintaining Torque Wrenches
User practices
1. Safety glasses or goggles should be worn at all times when using any hand tool.
2. Always follow the manufacturer’s directions regarding torque direction, proper force, torque pattern/sequence, use or non-use of lubrication on fasteners and torque “tighten/release” cycles.
3. Use a torque wrench to apply a specific torque value during the final assembly process. Do not use a torque [..]
Plug-in Connector Assembled without the Aid of a Torque Wrench
The first plug-in connector that can easily be assembled with a defined torque without the aid of a torque wrench is the Turck’s new M12Nm connector .
The integrated torque control guarantees an IP67 connection. The M12Nm connector was developed by Escha, a connector specialist at Turck Group.
Until now, a torque wrench has been the only way to ensure a plug-in connector was tightened with the correct [..]
Using Torque Wrenches
Most torque wrenches are required to be set at “0”when not in use to maintain calibration.
Please refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for further information on use and maintenance.
Setting Torque Value on a Dial Indicator Wrench:
1. Make sure your indicator needle is set to “0” [..].
Adjust torque wrench
Which torque wrench?
First you need to choose a torque wrench suitable for your needs. Let’s take a bike for example and we need to adjust my drive chain.
We can choose a cheap torque wrench like Halfords, that have a good quality and are accurate enough for most jobs.
We will also need a socket to fit each of the jobs, they are interchangeable with some socket sets [..]