What is an Electric Vehicle ?
In an electric vehicle (EV), a battery or other energy storage device is used to store the electricity that powers the motor. EV batteries must be replenished by plugging in the vehicle to a power source. Some electric vehicles have onboard chargers; others plug into a charger located outside the vehicle. Both types, however, use electricity that comes from the power grid. Although electricity production may contribute to air pollution, EVs are considered zero-emission vehicles because their motors produce no exhaust or emissions.
photo electric vehicle
There are currently no light-duty electric vehicles available from the major auto manufacturers. Neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), on the other hand, are being manufactured by a variety of companies. These small vehicles are commonly used for neighborhood commuting, light hauling, and delivery. Their use is limited to areas with 35 mph speed limits or for off-road service on college campus or at airports or resort areas.
Because they are limited to speeds of 25 mpg or less, NEVs are not considered light-duty vehicles and are not eligible for fleet credit under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 Standard Compliance option and Federal Fleet Requirements. However, their versatility in moving people through limited commute areas makes them useful in a variety of applications. Other useful EVs in niche applications include electric scooters and bikes.
Costs
Electric vehicles with direct current (DC) electric systems get about 0.4 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per mile, while those with more efficient alternating current (AC) systems get about 0.174 to 0.288 kWh per mile. If your home electricity rate is $0.13 per kWh, it would cost about $0.05 per mile for DC operation and $0.03 cents per mile for AC operation. You would pay $0.12 per mile for gasoline in a vehicle that gets 25 miles per gallon when gasoline sells for $3 per gallon.
When considering total operating costs, weigh battery replacement at four-year intervals or about 20,000 miles ($1,000 or $2,000) against four years of tune-ups, oil changes, mufflers, starters, water pumps, etc.
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
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